The Historical Background: Pharaoh Ramses II and Prophet Moses (Peace Be Upon Him)

Prof. Mustafa December 10, 2024

 
Pharaoh Ramses II 


The story of Pharaoh’s body, its preservation, and its connection to verses in the Quran is an extraordinary narrative that intertwines history, science, and faith. Let’s explore this topic in detail, focusing on the facts and the profound significance of the Quran’s statements.

1. The Historical Background: Pharaoh Ramses II and Prophet Moses (Peace Be Upon Him)



  • Pharaoh Ramses II: Often associated with the Pharaoh of Prophet Moses’ time, Ramses II ruled Egypt during the New Kingdom (1279–1213 BCE). Known for his vast building projects and military campaigns, he is believed by some to be the ruler during the Exodus.
  • The Quranic Context: The Quran recounts the story of Pharaoh’s tyranny, his persecution of the Israelites, and his eventual downfall in the Red Sea during the pursuit of Moses and his followers.

2. The Discovery of Pharaoh’s Body

  • Mummification and Preservation: Ramses II’s mummy was discovered in 1881 in the Valley of the Kings, remarkably intact despite being over 3,000 years old.
  • Scientific Examination: In 1975, the mummy was sent to France for advanced research. Scientists, including the renowned French researcher Dr. Maurice Bucaille, studied the body.

Key Findings

  • Salt residues on the body suggested that the Pharaoh had been submerged in seawater before being embalmed.
  • This discovery aligned with the Quranic narration of Pharaoh’s death by drowning.

3. The Quranic Verses

The Quran explicitly mentions the fate of Pharaoh and his preserved body:

  1. Pharaoh’s Drowning:

    • Surah Al-Anfal (8:54):

      "This was the way of Pharaoh's people and those before them. They rejected the signs of their Lord, so We destroyed them for their sins, and We drowned Pharaoh's people. They were all wrongdoers."

    • This verse highlights the punishment for rejecting Allah’s signs.

  2. Pharaoh’s Preservation:

    • Surah Yunus (10:92):

      "So today We will save you in body so that you may be a sign for those after you. And indeed, many among the people are heedless of Our signs."

    • This verse is remarkable as it explicitly states that Pharaoh’s body would be preserved as a lesson for future generations.

4. The Reaction of Dr. Maurice Bucaille

  • Shock and Conversion: Upon discovering that the Quran, revealed 1,400 years ago, described the exact fate of Pharaoh's body, Dr. Maurice Bucaille was deeply moved. His amazement at the Quran’s alignment with scientific findings led him to embrace Islam.
  • Legacy: Dr. Bucaille authored The Bible, The Qur'an and Science, exploring the harmony between modern science and the Quranic revelations.

5. The Scientific and Spiritual Significance

A. Scientific Perspective

  • Validation of the Quran: The preservation of Pharaoh’s body and its scientific investigation provide tangible evidence supporting the Quran’s account.
  • Interdisciplinary Insight: This story bridges archaeology, forensic science, and theology, demonstrating how ancient texts can inform modern research.

B. Spiritual Lessons

  • Warning Against Arrogance: Pharaoh's fate is a cautionary tale about the dangers of pride, tyranny, and defiance against divine guidance.
  • A Sign for Humanity: The preserved body stands as a timeless reminder of Allah’s power and the consequences of rejecting His message.

6. Broader Reflections

The Pharaoh’s story invites deeper reflections on the Quran’s profound knowledge and its relevance:

  • Historical Accuracy: The Quran’s description of events aligns with modern archaeological and scientific findings, showcasing its authenticity.
  • Guidance for Humanity: This narrative teaches lessons in humility, justice, and the importance of heeding divine signs.

7. Conclusion



The preservation of Pharaoh’s body and its correlation with Quranic verses is a powerful testament to the divine knowledge encapsulated in the Quran. It underscores the Quran's role as a guide, offering wisdom that transcends time and scientific discovery. The story serves as a sign for all generations, urging humanity to reflect, learn, and seek the truth.

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